Geology of the Tanawals in the southwest Tanawal and Gandghar Range, Hazara, Pakistan
Abstract
In the Hazara Palaeozoic sequence, the Tanawal Formation overlies the Hazara Slates and underlies the Abbottabad Formation. The contact between
the Hazara Slates and the Tanawals is marked by a pebbly bed which is not persistant, but elsewhere in Kashmir and the Central Himalayan sections
gradational contact has been reported by the earlier workers. The Tanawals comprise dominantly of arenaceous rocks which constitute quartzite, quartzitic schist and quartzitic sandstone with interbedded arenaceous slaty shales, slates, phyllitic slates and conglomerate which are intrudded by the igneous rocks. Among the quartzose rocks, arkosic wacke, subarkose, arenites and quartz arenites are differentiated. Amphibolite, epidiorite, porphyritic micro-tonalite, dacite, rhyo-dacite, pegmatite and quartz veins are the igneous rocks which occur in the Tanawals as sills, dykes and veins. The Tanawals are unfossiliferous. Their sympathetic stratigraphic relationship with the fossiliferous Palaeozoic rocks in Kashmir, Central Himalaya and Swabi - Lower Swat areas, suggest for them a Devonian - Lower Carboniferous age. The discovery of Hyolothids of Cambrian age near the contact of overlying - Abbottabad Formation and Hazira shales will depress the age of the Tanawals to Precambrian. However, this fossil find is very localized and appears to have been derived from the older horizon and incorporated in these rocks.
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