Depositional Environment and Bio-Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the Mishan Formation in the Fars zone, Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran
Keywords:
Keywords: Biozone; Facies; Sequence; Aquitanian; Burdigalian; Mishan Formation; Zagros (Iran).Abstract
To study the deposits of Mishan Formation in the Fars area, 986 thin-section samples from three stratigraphic sections were examined. A meticulous analysis of the samples from Bastak, Farashband, and Kuh-e Khush reveals varying thicknesses of approximately 522 m, 530 m, and 380 m, respectively. Mainly, the Mishan Formation is composed of alternating layers of cream to light gray, medium to thick limestone, marly limestone, and marl. The lower boundary of the Mishan Formation is conformable with the gypsum layers of the Gachsaran Formation, while its upper boundary exhibits a gradual transition to the sandstones of the Aghajari Formation. In the biostratigraphic analysis, 23 species and 35 genera of benthic foraminifera were documented, and 4 benthic foraminifera based biozones were documented as follows: (1) Miogypsina-Elphidium-Peneroplisfarsensis assemblage zone, (2) Miogypsinoides-Archias-Valvulinid assemblage zone, (3) Operculina complanata-Rotalia viennoti assemblage zone, and (4) Borelis melo curdica zone. On the
basis of identified biozones and fossil contents, the relative age of the Mishan Formation is discerned to span from Aquitanian to Burdigalian. Petrographical studies have identified nine microfacies, indicative of deposition in inner and middle shelf models. Facies analysis and sea level curve assessments have enabled the recognition of three depositional sequences. The sequence boundaries at the middle, lower, and upper boundaries of the Mishan Formation were found to be type II sequence boundary (SB2).
References
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Maghfouri-Moghadam, I., Zarei-Sahamieh, R., Ahmadi-Khalaji, A., and Tahmasbi, Z., 2009. Microbiostratigraphy of the Tarbur Formation, Zagros Basin, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9, 1781-1785.
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Rashidi, R.F., Vaziri, S.H., Khaksar, K., and Gholamalian, H., 2014. Lithostratigraphy of the Mishan Formation in North and West of Hormozgan province (South of Iran). MAGNT Research Report, 2(7), 490-499.
Seyrafian, A., and Mojikhalifeh., A., 2005. Biostratigraphy of the Late Paleogene- Early Neogene succession, North-Central border of Persian Gulf. Carbonates and Evaporites, 20, 91-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03175452.
Seyrafian, A., Vaziri, H., and Torabi, H., 1996. Biostratigraphy of the Asmari Formation, Burujen area, Iran. Journal Science of Islamic Republic of Iran, 7, 31-47.
Sharland, P.R., Casey, D.M., Davies, R.B., Simmons, M.D., and Sutcliffe, O.E., 2004. Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy–revisions to SP2. GeoArabia, 9 (1), 199–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia0901199
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Adams, T.D., and Bourgeois, F., 1967. Asmari Biostratigraphy Iranian Oil Operating Companies, Geological and Exploration Division, Report No. 1074. Agard, P., Omrani, J., Jolivet, L., and Mouthereau, F., 2005. Convergence history across Zagros (Iran): constraints from collisional and earlier deformation. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 94, 401-419.
Aghanabati, A., 2006. Geology of Iran. Geological Survey and Mineral Explorations of Iran (GSI), 586 p. (In Persian) Alavi, M., 2004 Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros fold-thrust belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution. American Journal of Science, 304, 1–20.
Amirshahkarami, M., Ghabishavi, A., and Rahimi, A., 2010. Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the larger benthic foraminifera in wells sections of the Asmari Formation from Rag-e Sefid oil field, Zagros Basin, southwest Iran. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches, 40(3), 63-84.
Bahroudi, A., and Koyi, H., 2004. Tecttonosedimentary framework of the Gachsaran Formation in the Zagros forland Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21, 1295-1310.
Baum, G.R., and Vail, P.R.., 1988. Sequence Stratigraphic Concepts Applied to Paleogene Outcrops, Gulf and Atlantic Basins. In: C. K. Wilgus, B. S. Hastings, H. Posamentier, J. Van Wagoner, C. A. Ross and C. G. Kendall, Eds., Sea Level 58 Changes: An Integrated Approach, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, pp. 309-326.
Cahuzac, P.B., and Poignant, A., 1997. An attempt of biozonation of the European basin, by means of larger neritic foraminifera. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 168, 155-169.
Daneshian, J., Shariati, S., Salsani, A., 2015. Biostratigraphy and planktonic foraminiferal abundance in the phosphatebearing Pabdeh Formation of the Lar Mountains (SW Iran). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen. 278(2), 175-189. Doi:10.1127/njgpa/2015/0522.
Ehrenberg, S.N., Pickard, N.A.H., Laursen, G.V., Monibi, S., Mossadegh, Z.K., Savana, T.A., Aqrawi, A., Mc Arthur, J., and Thirlwall, M.F., 2007. Strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation (Oligocene – Lower Miocene), SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 30, 107–128. Emery, D., and Myers, K.J., 1996. Sequence Stratigraphy. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444313710.
Fashaki, et al. (2003). Revision of the age of Mishan Formation type section on nanolimestone fossils. 7th Conference of Iranian Geological Society, 444 – 450 p. Favre, G., 1974. The Post Asmari Formation of Southwest Iran IOOC Report No. 1220.
Ghanavati, M., 2015. Stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Mishan Formation in Maroon oil field The 17th Conference of the Geological Society of Iran, 91-95.
Gholamalian, H., Fanati-Rashidi, R., and Sajadi, S., 2016. Miocene (Mishan Formation) Echinoidea from Gohreh section, North of Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 25(98), 73-82. doi: 10.22071/gsj.2016.41163
Gowhari, A.S., Ahmadi, V., Saroea, H., and Yazdgerdi, K., 2020. Depositional environment sequence stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Gurpi formation in Fars zone, Zagros Basin (SW Iran). Carbonate and Evaporates, 35(86). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-020-00620-6.
Hakimzadeh, S., and Seyrafian, A., 2008. Late oligocene-early miocene benthic foraminifera and biostratigraphy of the Asmari Formation south Yasuj, northcentral Zagros basin, Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites, 23, 1-10.
Hassani, M. J., Hosseinipour, F., and Rezaei, P., 2019. Microfacies and sedimentary environment of the Mishan Formation in the Shahdadi Area, the southeast of the Zagros Basin (N Bandarabbas). Scientific Semiannual Journal Sedimentary Facies, 11(2), 181-200. doi: 10.22067/sed.facies.v11i2.63240.
Heydari, E., 2008. Tectonics versus eustatic control on supersequences of the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Tectonophysics, 451(1-4), 56-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.046.
Homayoun Zadeh, S., 2002. Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy Mishan Formation in the central part of Dezful embayment, Master's Thesis Tarbiyat Moallem University, 373p.
James, G.A., and Wynd, J.G., 1965. Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 49, 2182-2245.
Kalantari, A., 1992. Stratigraphic and Zagros Microscopic Facies. The National Iranian Oil Company, Iran, 421 p.
Kamalifar, F., Aleali, M., Ahamadi, V., and Mirzaiee, A., 2020 Facies distribution, paleoenvironment and sequence stratigraphy model of the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation (Fars Province, south of Iran). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 29(4), 664-683. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1907-23
Karami, S., Ahmadi, V., Sarooe, H., and Bahrami, M., 2020. Facies analysis and depositional environment of the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation, in Interior Fars (Zagros Basin, Iran). Carbonates and Evaporites, 35, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-020-00621-5
Kroh, A., Gholamalian, H., Mandic, O., Coric, S., Harzhauser, M., Reuter, M., and Piller, W., 2011. Echinoids and pectinid bivalves from the Early Miocene Mishan Formation 59 of Iran. Acta Geologica Polonica, 61(4), 419-439.
Laursen, G.V., Monibi, S., Allan, T.L., Pickard, N.A.H., Hosseiney, A., Vincent, B., Hamon, Y., van Buchem, F.S.P., Moallemi, A., and Druillion, G., 2009. The Asmari Formation revisited: changed stratigraphic allocation and new biozonation. First International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition, Shiraz, 5 p. Loeblish, A., and Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand, New York, 970 p.
Maghfouri -Moghadam, I., 2 0 1 3. Microbiostratigraphy of Asmari Formation in Southeastern Flank of Siah Kuh Anticline Southeast of Lorestan Basin. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23 (1), 7-12.
Maghfouri-Moghadam, I., Zarei-Sahamieh, R., Ahmadi-Khalaji, A., and Tahmasbi, Z., 2009. Microbiostratigraphy of the Tarbur Formation, Zagros Basin, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9, 1781-1785. Motiei, H., 1993. Stratigraphy of Zagros, Geological Survey of Iran, 583 p.
Movahed, B., and Lasemi, Y., 1996. Journal of Petroleum Society of Iran, 41. Racey, A., 1995. Lithostratigraphy and Larger Foraminiferal (Nummulitid) Biostratigraphy of the Tertiary of Northern Oman. Micropaleontology, 41, 1–123. https://doi.org/10.2307/1485849.
Rashidi, R.F., Vaziri, S.H., Khaksar, K., and Gholamalian, H., 2014. Lithostratigraphy of the Mishan Formation in North and West of Hormozgan province (South of Iran). MAGNT Research Report, 2(7), 490-499.
Seyrafian, A., and Mojikhalifeh., A., 2005. Biostratigraphy of the Late Paleogene-Early Neogene succession, North-Central border of Persian Gulf. Carbonates and Evaporites, 20, 91-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03175452.
Seyrafian, A., Vaziri, H., and Torabi, H., 1996. Biostratigraphy of the Asmari Formation, Burujen area, Iran. Journal Science of Islamic Republic of Iran, 7, 31-47.
Sharland, P.R., Casey, D.M., Davies, R.B., Simmons, M.D., and Sutcliffe, O.E., 2004. Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy–revisions to SP2. GeoArabia, 9 (1), 199–214. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia0901199
Van Buchem, F.S.P., Baghbani, D., Bulot, L.G., Caron, M., Gaumet, F., Hosseini, A., Keyvani, F., Schroeder, R., Swennen, R., Vedrenne, V., and Vincent, B., 2010. Barremian e lower Albian sequence stratigraphy of southwest Iran (Gadvan, Dariyan and Kazhdumi formations) and its comparison with Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. In: van Van Buchem F.S.P., Al-Husseini, M.I., Maurer, F., Droste, H.J., (Eds.), Barremian e., Aptian Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Eastern Arabian Plate, 2. GeoArabia Special Publication 4, Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain, 503–548 pp.
Wynd, J., 1965. Biofacies of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement Area. IOOC Report 1082, Unpublished. Yazdi, M., Bahrami, A, Abbasi., P., Sadeghi, R., and Vega, F.J., 2013. Miocene brachyuran Crustacea from Konar-Takhteh and Ahram sections, southwestern Iran. Boletin Da L
