Batura Glacier Terminus, 1984, Karakorum Himalaya
Abstract
Batura Glacier in northwest Karakorum Himalaya has received considerable attention in the past decade became of some unusual characteristics and its effects on the Karakorum Highway between China and Pakistan. Chinese glaciologists found evidence that the Batura terminus would advance in the present decade and reheat in the 1990s. The predicted advance has not begun and instead the frontal ice cliff has down-wasted and the cliff above the main meltwater channel has back-wasted.
References
Batura Glacier Investigation Group (BGTC). 1979. The Batura glacier in the Karakorum Mountains and its variations. Scientia Sinica, 22, 958-974.
Batura Glacier Investigation Group (BGTC). 1980. Professional papers on the Batura glacier, Karakorum Mountains. Science Press. Beijing (in Chinese with English abstracts), 1-271.
Chen Jianming. 1984. Variations of the Batura glacier's surface from repeated surveys. In The Inrernational Karakorum Project, (ed. K.J. Miller), 1, 196-204.
Derbyshirc, E.. Jiiun, Li, Perrot, F.A., Shuyjng;. Xu., & Waters. R.S., 1984. Quaternary glacialhistory of the Hunza valley- Karakorurn mountains, Pakistan, In The International Kar~konlm Project, (ed. K.J. Miller), 2, 456-495.
Desio. A., & Orotnbelli, G., 1971. Notizic preliminari sulIa prezenze di un pride ghiaccialo vallivo nella media valle ddl’Indo (Pakistan) duraete il P1eistocene. Accademie Nazionale dei Lincei, Atti, Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. Rend. 51, 387-392.
Edwards, J.I., 1960. The Batura-Mustagh expedition, 1959. The Alpine Journal 65, 48-52.
Finstewalder, R., 1960. German glaciological and geological expeditions to the Batura, Mustagh and Rakappshi Range. Journal of Glaciology 3, 787-788.
Goudie. A.S., Jones, D.K C., & Brundsen, D., 1984a. Recent fluctuations in some glaciers of the western Karakorum mountains, Hunza, Pakistan. 1n The International Karakom Project, (4. K.J. Miller), 2, 411--455.
Goudie. A.S., Brundsen, D., Collins, D.N., Derbyshire, E., Rerguson, R.I., Hashmet, Z., Jones, D.K.C., Perrot, F.A.., Said, M., Waters, R.S., & Whalley, W.B., 1984b. The geomorphology of the Hmza valley, Karakorum mountains, Pakistan. In The International Khrakorum Project, (ed. K.J. Miller), 2, 35-10,
Jijun, Li. Derbyshire, E., & Shuying, 19W. Glacial and paraglacial sediments of the Hunza valley, north-west Karakoram, Pakistan: a preliminary analysis. In The International Karakorum Projecrt, (ed. K.J. Miller), 2, 4-535.
Mason, K., 1930. The glaciers of the Karakorum and neighborhood. Records Geological Survey India 63, 214-278.
Olson. T U., 1982. Sedimentary tectonics of the Jalipur sequence, northwest Himalaya, Pakistan. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 1-152.
Perrot, F.A. & Coudie, A S., 1984. Techniques for the study of glacier fluctuations. In The International Karakorum Project, (ed. K.J. MilIer), 1, 94-100.
Shi, Y., 1984. Some studies of the Battura glacier in the Karakorum mountains. In The International Karakorum Project, (ed. K.J. Miller), 1, 51-63.
Shi, Y., & Wang, W., 1980. Research on snow cover in China and the avalanche phenomena of the Batura glacier in Pakistan. Unpublished preprint, 1-8.
Shi, Y., & Zhang, X., 1978. Historical variations in the advance and retreat of the Batura glacier in the Karakorum mountains. Acta Geographica Sinica, 38.
Shroder, J.F., Jr., in press. Quaternary chronology and geomorphology of Indus-Gilgit-Hunza valleys, Pakistan (abs.1. Association American Geographers Abstracts Volume, 1985.
Vissef-Hooft, P.C. & Visser, J., 1925. Karakorum: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Niehlandischin Expeditionen in den Karakorum und die angrenzenden Gebeite in den ,Jahren 1922, 1925, 1929/1930 und 1935. Band 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden.
Zhang, X., 1984. Recent variations of some glaciers in the Karakorum mountains. In The International Karakorum Project (ed. K.J. Miller), 1, 38-50.