Deterministic seismic hazard analysis for Peshawar, Pakistan
Keywords:
Deterministic seismic hazard analysis; PGA Map; Deterministic response spectrum; PeshawarAbstract
Ground motion estimation for a site (34.01oN, 71.45oE) located in the Peshawar in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values is conducted. It is carried out with deterministic seismic hazard analysis approach using faults sources within a radius of one hundred kilometers around site. The results of this study indicate that the Main Boundary Thrust located at a distance of twenty nine (29) kilometers from the site with a maximum potential moment magnitude of 8.1 is potentially the most seismogenic source for an earthquake in the region. Such a scenario earthquake may generate a design earthquake with PGA values of 0.232 g in Peshawar. PGA map for area surrounding the site (33.75o-34.15oN; 71.29o71.50oE) is also developed in this study. This map shows that the peak-ground acceleration values are highly variable around the site.
References
Ahmad, N., Crowely, H., Pinho, R., Ali, Q., 2010. Displacement based Earthquake Assessment of masonry buildings in Mansehra city, Pakistan: Development of seismic risk model for the Manshera City. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 14, 1-37.
Ambraseys, N.N., Bommer, J.J., 1991. The attenuation of ground accelerations in Europe. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 20, 1179–1202.
Ambraseys, N.N., Douglas, J., Sarma, S.K, Smit, P.M., 2005. Equations for the estimation of strong ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes using data from Europe and the Middle East: horizontal peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 3, 1–53.
Ambraseys, N.N., Simpson, K.A., Bommer, J.J., 1996. Prediction of horizontal response spectra in Europe. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 25, 371–400.
Atkinson, G.M., Boore, D.M., 2003. Empirical ground-motion relations for subduction-zone earthquakes and their application to Cascadia and other region. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 93, 1703–1729.
Bhatti, A.Q., Hassan, Z.S., Rafi, Z., Khatoon, Z., Ali, Q., 2011. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 42, 468-478.
Boore, D.M., 2010. Ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) from global dataset: The PEER NGA equations. 2nd Euro-Mediterranean meeting on accelerometric data exchange and archiving, Ankara, Turkey, Proceedings, 10-12.
Boore, D.M., Atkinson, G.M., 2008. Groundmotion prediction equations for the average horizontal component of PGA, PGV, and 5%damped PSA at spectral periods between 0.01 s and 10.0 s. Earthquake Spectra, 24, 99-138.
Boore, D.M., Joyner, W.B., Fumal, T.E., 1997. Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: a summary of recent work. Seismological Research Letters, 68, 128-153.
Campbell, K. W., Bozorgnia, Y., 2003. Updated near-source ground-motion (attenuation) relations for the horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration and acceleration response spectra. Bull Seismological Society of America, 93(1), 31431.
Chen, Z., Burchfiel, B.C., Liu, Y., King, R.W., Royden, L.H., Tang, W., Wang, E., Zhao, J., Zhang, W., 2000. GPS measurement from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 16-215.
Cotton, F., Scherbaum, F., Bommer, J.J., Bungum, H., 2006. Criteria for selecting and adjusting ground motion models for specific target regions: Application to Europe and rock sites. Journal of Earth Sciences, 100, 137-156.
Khan, M.A., Javed, M.W., Sayab, M., 2011. Fault map and associated database of fault parameters for Pakistan. WP-1 Interim Report, Earthquake Model of Middle East (EMME) International Project.
Khan, S.A., Shah, M.A, Qaisar, M., 2003. Seismic risk analysis of coastal areas of Pakistan. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 16, 382-394.
Kim, J.S., Elnashi, A.S., 2009. Characterization of shaking intensity distribution and seismic assessment of RC buildings for the Kashmir (Pakistan) earthquake of October 2005. Engineering Structures, 31, 2998-3015.
MOHW-PEC-NEPAK, 2007. Building Code of Pakistan; Seismic Provisions. Ministry of Housing and Works-Pakistan Engineering Council-NESPAK. http://www.pec.org.pk/buildingcode.aspx.
MonaLisa., Khawaja, A.A., Jan, M.Q., 2007. Seismic hazard assessment of NW Himalayan thrust belt using probabilistic approach. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 11, 257-301.
PMD, NORSAR., 2007. Seismic hazard analysis and zonation of Pakistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan Meteorological Department and Norway Report, 2007.
Shen, Z.K., Zhao, C., Yin, A., Li, Y., Jackson, D.D., Fang, P., Dong, D., 2000. Contemporary crustal deformation in East Asia constrained by Global Positioning System measurement. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 5721–573.
Taheri, S.J., Naserieh, S., Ghofrani, H., 2010. A test of the applicability of NGA models to the strong ground-motion data in the Iranian Plateau. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 14, 278-292.
Youngs, R., Chiou, S.J., Silva, W., Humphrey, J., 1997. Strong ground motion attenuation relationships for subduction zone earthquakes. Seismological Research Letters, 68, 58-73.
Wells, D.L., Coppersmith, K.J., 1994. Updated Empirical relationships among magnitudes rupture length, rupture area and surface displacement. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 84, 974-1002.
