The crust below the Indo-Myanmar Ranges of northeast India: A preliminary model in differential isostasy
Keywords:
Tectonics; Ophiolites; Thrust; Depth to detachment; IsostasyAbstract
The sediments of the Indo-Myanmar Ranges of northeast India had been deposited in a subsidence basin open up by rifting nearby the Myanmar continental margin. Thickening of the crust in this belt is due to lateral compression of the basin sediments by overriding continental margin of Myanmar. From the viewpoint of the tectonic setting of the region, the variation in the degree of crustal shortening along the ranges, calculated depth to detachment and supported by petro-geochemical evidences, an evolutionary model of the Indo- Myanmar Ranges Basin has been worked out. Calculating the excess thickness of the crust, a model of the crust below the ranges is constructed using principles of differential isostasy. A narrow strip of detached continental landmass, embedded under the sediments, is predicted in this preliminary study.
References
Acharya, S.K., 1991. Late Mesozoic Early Tertiary basin evolution along the IndoBurmese range and Andaman island arc. In: Tandon, S.K., Pant, C.C., Casshyap, S.M. (Eds.), Sedimentary basins of India, Tectonic context. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, India, 104-130.
Acharyya, S.K., Mitra, N.D., Nandy, D.R., 1986. Regional geology and tectonic setting of Northeast India and adjoining region. Geological Survey of India Memoirs, 119, 6-12.
Boyer, S.E., Elliott, D., 1982. Thrust systems. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 66 (9), 1196-1230.
Brunschweiler, R.O., 1966. On the geology of the Indo-Burman ranges (Arakan cost and Yoma, Chin Hills, Naga Hills). Journal of Geological Society of Australia, 13(1), 137-194.
Bucher, W.H., 1933. The deformation of the Earth’s crust, Princeton.
Chamberlain R.T., 1910.The Appalachian folds of the central Pennsylvania. Journal of Geology, 18, 228-251.
Chamberlain, R.T., 1919. The building of Colorado Rockies. Journal of Geology, 27, 225-251.
Coward, M.P., 1992. Lecture notes on course for M.Sc. Applied Structural Geology and rock mechanics (1992-93), Imperial College, University of London.
Dahlstrom, C.D. A., 1969. Balanced cross section. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 743-757.
Evans, P., 1932. Explanatory notes to accompany a table showing the tertiary succession in Assam. Transactions of Mining and Geology, Institute of India, 27, 155-260.
Ghosh, S., Dutta, A., Chandrasekaran, V., 1980. Integrated Surveys in Ultramafic belt of Manipur. Geological Survey of India Miscellaneous Publications, 30 (4).
Goguel, J., 1962. Tectonics. Freeman, San Francisco.
Hossack, J.R., 1979. The use of balanced cross section in the calculation of orogenic contraction: a review. Journal of Geological Society of London, 136, 705-711.
Ibotombi, S., 1993. Geology Structure and tectonics of Manipur, India, unpublished MS thesis, University of London, London.
Ibotombi, S., 1998. Structural and tectonic analysis of Manipur with special reference to evolution of the Imphal Valley, unpublished thesis of Manipur University.
Ibotombi, S., 2001. Imphal Valley A Transtensional Basin, DST, Project Completion report.
Khan, P.K., 2005. Variation in dip angle of the Indian plate subducting beneath the Burma plate and its tectonic implications. Journal of Geoscience, 9 (3), 227-234.
Khuman, M.C., 2009. Petrological and geochemical studies of ophiolite belt in parts of Chandel and Ukhrul districts, Manipur and their tectonic significance, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis of Manipur University, Imphal, India.
Khuman, M.C., Ibotombi, S., 2010. Ophiolite of Manipur: its field settings and petrotectonic significance. In: Indo Myanmar ranges in the tectonic framework of the Himalaya and Southeast Asia, conference proceedings, Memoirs of Geological Society of India, 75, 255-290.
Kumar, P., Yuan, X., Kind, R., Kosarev, G., 2005. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in the Tien Shan-Karakoram region from Sreceiver functions: evidence from continental subduction. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L07305.
Kumar, P., Yuan, X., Kind, R., Ni, J., 2006. Imaging the colliding Indian and Asian lithospheric plates beneath Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, B06308.
Laubscher, H.P., 1976. Fold development in Jura: Tectonophysics, 37, 337-362.
Mallet, F.R., 1876. On the coal field of Naga hills, bordering the Sibsagar and Lakhimpur districts. Geological Survey of India Memoirs, 12 (2), 1-95.
Mishra, D.C., Kumar, M.R., Arora, K., 2012. Long wavelength satellite gravity and geoid anomalies over Himalaya, and Tibet: Lithospheric structures and seismotectonics of deep focus earthquakes of Hindu Kush-Pamir and Burmese arc. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 48, 93-110.
Nandy, D.R., 1980. Tectonic pattern in north eastern India. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 7, 103-107.
Priestley, K., Debayle, E., Mckenzie, D., Pilidou, S., 2006. Upper mantle structure of eastern Asia from multimode surface wave form tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research, 3(B10304), 1-20.
Qi Wang, W.S., Li, H., Wang, Y., Okubo, S., 2011. A Reinvestigation of Crustal Thickness in the Tibetan Plateau Using Absolute Gravity, GPS and GRACE Data. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, 22(2), 109-119.
Rai, S.S., Prakashan, K.S., Agrawal, N., 1999. Pn wave velocity and moho geometry in north eastern India. Proceedings of Indian Academy of Science (Earth Planet Science), 108 (4), 297-304.
Raju, D.S.N., Kapesa, L., 2010. Status of Lithobio-chrono-sequence stratigraphic framework and depositional environments of Northeast India, Bangladesh and Myanmar - chart and explanatory notes. In: Indo Myanmar ranges in the tectonic framework of the Himalaya and Southeast Asia, conference proceedings, Memoirs of Geological Society of India, 75, 139-141.
Satyabala, S.P., 2003. Oblique plate subduction in the Indo-Burma (Myanmar) subduction region. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 160, 1611-1650.
Suppe, J. 1983.Geometry and Kinematics of faultbend folding. American Journal of Science, 283(7), 684-721.
Suppe, J., 1985. Principles of Structural geology, Prentice Hall.
Twiss, R.J., Moores, E.M., 1992. Structural geology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
Woodward, N.B., Boyer, S.E., Suppe J., 1989. Balanced geological cross-sections: an essential technique in geological research and exploration. American Geophysical Union, Washington, 132.
Yaoling, N., O'hara, M.J., Pearce. J.A., 2003. Initiation of subduction zones as a consequence of lateral compositional buoyancy contrast within the lithosphere: a petrological perspective. Journal of Petrology, 44(5), 851-866.