Integrated paleoenvironmental, bio- and sequence-stratigraphic analysis of the late Thanetian Lockhart Limestone in the Nammal Gorge section, western Salt Range, Pakistan

Authors

  • Sajjad Ahmad Department of Geology, University of Peshawar
  • Dick Kroon The Grant Institute of earth Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK
  • Susan Rigby The Grant Institute of earth Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK
  • Muhammad Hanif National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Imraz National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Tanveer Ahmad Department of Geology, University of Peshawar
  • Irfan U. Jan National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Asghar Ali Department of Geology, University of Peshawar
  • M. Zahid Department of Geology, University of Peshawar
  • Fayaz Ali Department of Geology, University of Peshawar

Keywords:

Thanetian; Lockhart limestone; Carbonate ramp; Salt Range; Foraminifera.

Abstract

The paleodepositional system dynamics of the Lockhart Limestone are elucidated in the Western Salt Range with the help of microfacies analysis. Three facies associations are recognised in downslope, along a distally steepened carbonate ramp platform. These facies associations correspond to inner ramp, middle ramp and ramp slope settings. The age-diagnostic foraminiferal species recognized consisted of Miscellanea miscella, Ranikothalia sindensis, Discocyclina ranikotensis, Alveolina vredenburgi and Assilina dandotica. Based on this larger foraminiferal assemblage a Late Thanetian age has been assigned to the Lockhart Limestone. The biostratigraphy implies that ramp carbonates were deposited in a single third order depositional cycles in a high stand systems tract.

References

Ahmad, S., 2010. Paleogene foraminiferal biostratigraphy and facies distribution: Implications for tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Kohat Basin, Potwar Basin and the Trans Indus Ranges, Northwest Pakistan. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, The University of Edinburgh, UK.

Anketell, J.M., Mriheel, I.Y., 2000. Depositional environment and diagenesis of the Eocene deposits: empirical models based on moicrofacies analysis of Palaeogene deposits in south-eastern Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 155, 211-238.

Burchette, T.P., Wright, V.P., 1992. Carbonate ramp depositional systems. Sedimentary Geology, 79, 3-57.

Davies, L.M., 1930. The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighboring area, Part 1, introductory notes. India Geological Survey, New series, 15.

Gee, E.R., 1934. The Saline Series of North-West India. Current Science, Banglore, 2, 460-463.

Gee, E.R., 1945. The age of saline series of Punjab and Kohat, 14, 269-310.

Halland. M.D., Riaz. M., 1988. Stratigraphy and structure of Southern Ghandghar Range, Pakistan. Geological Bulletin, University of Peshawar, 21,1-14.

Hanif, M., Malcolm, B.H., Grimes, S.T., 2013. Revised Late Paleocene-Early Eocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Indus Basin, Pakistan. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 44, 23-32.

Hohenegger, J., Yordanova, E., Nakano, Y., Tatzreiter, F., 1999. Habitats of larger foraminifera on the reef slope of Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. Marine Micropaleontology, 36,109-168.

Imraz, M., Hanif, M., Ali, F., Haneef, M., Jan, I., Ahmad, S., Saboor, A., 2013. Miscellaneidae: A biostratigraphic tool for hydrocarbon exploration in Paleocene carbonate platform deposits of Tethys, An example from Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, 46, 93-99.

Kazmi, A.H., Jan. M.Q., 1997. Geology and tectonics of Pakistan. Graphic Publication, Karachi, Pakistan, 130-141.

Levin, H.L., 1957. Micropaleontology of Oldsmar Limestone (Eocene) of Florida. The Micropaleontology Project. Inc. Standard oil company, California.

Luterbacher, H., 1998. Sequence stratigraphy and the limitations of biostratigraphy in the marine Paleogene strata of the Tremp Basin (central part of the southern Pyrenean foreland basin, Spain). In: De Graciansky, P.C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, T., Vail, P.R. (Eds.), Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins. Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication, 60, 303-309.

Middlemiss, C.S., 1896. The geology of the Hazara and the Black Mountains. Indian Geological Survey, 26, 302.

Milliman, J.D., 1974. Marine Carbonates: Recent Sedimentary Carbonates Part 1. Springer, 375.

Murray, J.W., 1973. Distribution and ecology of living benthic foraminiferids. New York, Crane, Russak and Co, 274.

Parker, F.L., 1971. Distribution of planktic foraminifera in recent deep sea sediments. In: Funnel, B.M., Riedel, W.R. (Eds.), the micropaleontology of oceans, Cambridge University Press, 289-307.

Reiss, Z., 1977. Foraminiferal research in the Gulf of Elat-Aqaba Jdeir Formation, Gabes-Tripoli Basin, western offshore Libya. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 23, 425-447.

Renema, W., Troelstra, S.R., 2001. Larger foraminifera distribution on a mesotrophic carbonate shelf in SW Sulawesi (Indonesia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 175,125-146.

Sameeni, S.J., Butt, A.A., 1992. Micropaleontology of the upper Paleocene Lockhart Limestone, Nammal Area, Western Salt Range. Pakistan Journel of Geology, 4251.

Serra-Kiel, J., Hottinger, L., Caus, E., Drobne, K., Fernez, C., Jauhri, A.K., Less, G., Pavlovec, R., Pignatti, J., Samso, J.M., Schaub, H., Sirel, E., Strougo, A., Tambareau, Y., Tosquella, Y., Zakrevskaya, E., 1998. Larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Tethyan Paleocene and Eocene. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 169, 281-299.

Tucker, M.E., Wright, V.P., 1990. Carbonate Sedimentology. Blackwell, London.

Van Der Zwaan, G.J., 1982. Paleoecology of Late Edwards, A.S., 1986. Cenozoic cosmopolitan Miocene Mediterranean foraminifera. Utrecht deep-water benthonic foraminifera. Bulletin micropaleontological Bulletins, 25, 202. du Centre de recherches Elf Exploration Van Morkhoven, F.P.C., Berggren, W.A., Production. Elf-Aquitaine, 11, 421.

Downloads

Published

2014-03-31

How to Cite

Ahmad, S., Kroon, D., Rigby, S., Hanif, M., Imraz, M., Ahmad, T., Jan, I. U., Ali, A., Zahid, M., & Ali, F. (2014). Integrated paleoenvironmental, bio- and sequence-stratigraphic analysis of the late Thanetian Lockhart Limestone in the Nammal Gorge section, western Salt Range, Pakistan. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, 47(1), 9-24. Retrieved from http://ojs.uop.edu.pk/jhes/article/view/1679

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 > >>