Application of electrical resistivity method in delineating aquifer properties along with vulnerability mapping in Gujrat District and surrounding areas of Punjab province, Pakistan
Keywords:
Groundwater potential, Anisotropy mapping, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Vulnerability mapping, Chemical investigationAbstract
A resistivity investigation was directed to assure aquifer properties besides delineation of vulnerability in the Gujrat District and its surroundings areas of Punjab province, Pakistan using seventy-seven (77) Schlumberger array Vertical Electric Sounding (VES). The data was processed in IPI2WIN computer software for true resistivity and thickness of layers. The available borehole information demonstrates presence of best top clay, sandy clay, dry sandy soil and gravel. The prolific ground water zones (controlled by H-type resistivity curve) have been recognized in the north-eastern, southern and additionally western part of the study area. The thickness of aquifers fluctuates remarkably 20-210 m from place to place. The aquifer vulnerability map delineates the impermeability of overburden clay layer. Values < 0 mhos show poor to weak protective capacity zone with risk of defilements, while 0-5 mhos demonstrate good protective zones. The outcomes were additionally checked by anisotropy mapping and chemical investigation of well's water samples of the study area. The outcomes of anisotropy values show that Nither town and southern halves of the study area have a good protective capacity to infiltration while remaining area is vulnerable to infiltrating fluids. The water from this area is found polluted with chlorides, nitrates and sulphates salts.
References
Adeoti, L., Alile, O. M., Uchegbulam, O., Adegbol, R. B., 2012. Geoelectrical investigation of groundwater potential in Mowe, Ogun state, Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2(1), 58-71.
Ako, A. O., Olorunfemi, M. O., 1989. Geoelectric survey for groundwater in the newer basalts of Vo m Plateau Satae, Nigeria. Journal of Mining Geology, 25 (1&2), 247- 450.
Arulprakasam, R., Siva, K., Gowtham, B., 2014. Electrical Resistivity Technique for Demarcation of Groundwater Quality Zones in Parts of Vanur block, Villupuram District, Tamil. International Journal of Geology, Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2(1), 28-30.
Anomohanran, O., 2013. Geoelectrical investigation of groundwater condition in Oleh, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 15(1), 145-151.
Awni, T. B., 2010. Mapping Quaternary deposits in the el-Jufr playa (Southeastern Jordan Plateau) using geoelectrical techniques: Implications for geology and hydrogeology. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(20), 3183-3192.
Bayewu, O. O., Oloruntola, M. O., Mosuro. G., 2014. Evaluation of resistivity anisotropy of parts of ijebu Igbo, Southwestern, Nigeria Using Azimuthal Resistivity Survey (ARS) Method. Journal of Geography and Geology, 6(4), 140-152.
El-Qady, G., 2006. Exploration of a geothermal reservoir using geoelectrical resistivity inversion case study at Hammam Mousea, Sinai, Egypt. Case study at hummammoousesiniai, Egypt. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 3, 114-121.
Ekwe, A. C., Onuoha, K. M. Ugwumbah K. I., Onwuka., O. S., 2010. Estimation of aquifer hydraulic characteristics of low permeability formation from geosounding data: the case of Odumatown Enugu state. Journal of Earth Science, 4(1), 19- 26.
Gowd, S. S., 2004. Electrical resistivity survey to delineate the ground water potential aquifers in Peddavanka watershed, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh. The journal of environmental geology, 46, 118- 131.
Henriet, J. P., 1976. Direct application of the Dar Zarrouk parameters in groundwater surveys. Geophysical Prospecting, 24, 344–353.
Kalisperi, D., Soupios, P., Kouli, M., Barsukov, P., Kershaw, S., Collins, P., Vallianatos, F., 2009. Coastal aquifer assessment using geophysical methods (TEM, VES), case study: Northern Crete, Greece, 3rd IASME/WSEAS international conference on geology and seismology (GES '09) Cambridge, UK, 24–26.
Kemna, A., Vanderborght, J., Kulessa, B., Veereecken, H., 2002. Imaging and characterization of subsurface solute transport using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and equilent transport model, Journal of Hydrology, 267, 125-146.
Kelly, W. E., Stanesly, M., 1993. Applied geophysics in hydrogeological and engineering practice. Practice. Elsevier, Amesterdam, 292.
Kenneth, S. O., Edirin, A., 2012. Determination of aquifer properties and groundwater vulnerability mapping using geoelectric method in Yenagoa city and its Environs in Bayelsa state, south Nigeria. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 4 (2), 354-362.
Madan, K. J., Kumar, S., Choudry, A., 2008.
Vertical electrical sounding survey and resistivity inversion using genetic algorithm optimization technique. Journal of Hydrology, (359), 71- 87.
Niaz, A., Khan, M. R., Ijaz, U., Yasin, M., Hameed, F., 2018. Determination of groundwater potential by using geoelectrical method and petrographic analysis in Rawalakot and adjacent areas of Azad Kashmir, sub-Himalayas, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Geoscience, 11, 468 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3811-0.
Niaz, A., Khan, M. R., Asghar, A., Mustafa, S., Hameed, F., Umair, B. N., Khan, S., Mughal, M. S., Farooq, M., Rizwan., M., 2017. The study of aquifers potential and contamination based on geoelectric technique and chemical analysis in Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, 50 (2), 60-73.
Niaz, A., Khan, M. R., Asghar, A., Mustafa, S., Hameed, F., 2013. Determination of groundwater potential in Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan using geoelectric method vertical electrical sounding. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 4, 2229-5518.
Nisar, B. U., Khan, M. R., Khan, S., Farooq, M., Rizwan, M., Ahmed, K. A., Razzaq, S. S., Niaz, A., (2018). Quaternary Paleo- depositional Environments in relation to Ground water occurrence in lesser Himalayan Region, Pakistan. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, 51(1), 99-112.
Nwanko, C., Nwasu, L., Emujakporue, G., 2011. Determination of Dar Zarouk parameters for assessment of groundwater potential: case study of Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 2(8), 57-71.
Ogunbe, A. S., Onori, E. O., Olaoye. M. A., 2012. Application of electrical resistivity techniques in the investigation of groundwater contamination: A case study of Ile-Epo, dumpsite Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, 3(1), 117-123.
Olorunfemi, M. O., Meshida, E. A., 1989. Engineering geophysics and its application in engineering site investigation. Nigerian Engineer, 22(2), 57-66.
Olowofela, J. A., Jolaosho, V. O., Bandmus, B. S., 2005. Measuring the electrical resistivity of the earth using a fabricated resistivity meter. European Journal of Physics, 26, 501-515.
Omosuyi, G., Adeyemo O., Adegoke, A. O., 2007. Investigation of groundwater prospect using geoelectric and electromagnetic sounding at Afunbiowo near Akurea Southwestern Nigeria. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 172-182.
Oseji, J. O., Atakpo, E. A., Okolie, E.C., 2005. Geoelectric investigation of the aquifer characteristics and groundwater potential in Kwale, Delta state, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 9, 157-160.
Pal, S. K., Majumdar, R. K., 2001. Determination for groundwater potential zones using Iso-resistivity map in the alluvial areas of Munger District, Bihar. Journal of Earth Science, (1-4), 16-26.
Parasnis, D. S., 1979. Principle of applied geophysics, third edition, Chapman and Hall, London: 275.
Shah, S. M. I., 2009. Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, 22, 293-298.
Shah, S. M. I. 1977. Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Mem. Geological Survey of Pakistan, 12, 137.
Slater L., 2007. Near surface electrical characterization of hydraulic conductivity from petrophysical proper-ties to aquifer geometries. Revised Surveys in Geophysics, 28, 167-169.
Stanley, N. D., DeWiests, J. M., 1996. Hydrogeology, John Wiley Sons New York: 280-286.
Soupios, P., Kouli, M., Vallianatos, F., Vafidis, A., Stavroulakis, G., 2007. Estimation of aquifer parameters from surficial geophysical methods. A case study of Keritis Basin in Crete. Journal of Hydrology, 338, 122-131.
Stampolidis A., Tsourlos, P., Soupios, P., Mimides, T. H., Tsokas, G., Vargemezis, G., Vafidis, A., 2005. Integrated geophysical investigation around the brackish spring of Rina, Kalimnos Isl., SW Greece. Journal of Balk Geophysical Society, 8(3), 63–73.
Sultan, S. A., Mekhemer, H. M., Santos, F. A., Abdulla, M., 2009. Geophysical measurement for subsurface mapping and groundwater exploration at the central part of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 34(1A), 103-119.
Vanderborght, J., Kemna, A., hardelauf, H., Veereecken, H., 2005. Potential of electrical resistivity tomography to infer aquifer transport characteristics from tracer studies: a synthetic case study, Water Resources Research, 41. Wo06013, doi:10.1029/2004WR003774. www.en.climate-data.org.pk.
Yungul, S. H., 1996. Electrical methods in geophysical exploration of sedimentary basin. Chapman and Hill, U.K, 152.
Zohdy, A., Eaton, G., Mabey, D., 1974. Application of surface geophysics to groundwater investigations. Techniques of Water-Resources Investigation of the United States Geological Survey, 2, 116-119.
