Arsenic concentration in paddy soil and its accumulation in rice: a health risk assessment
Keywords:
Arsenic, Rice, Food intake, Health riskAbstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the metalloids which is known for its toxicity and associated health risks. It is released both naturally and anthropogenicaly into environment. The present study was carried out to quantify the As concentrations in paddy soil, its subsequent concentration in rice (Oryza Sativa L.) grown on contaminated soil and associated health risk. Soil and rice samples were collected from District Chitral, Chitral City (Drosh, Ayun, Bumborat, Buny and Garam Cheshma and analyzed for As concentration. The findings revealed that the highest amount of As was found in the soil of Gabur (18.5 mg/kg) followed by Mastuj (13.2 mg/kg), Brun (11.8 mg/kg), Gharm Chashma (10.8 mg/kg), Ayun (9.1 mg/kg), Buny (6.31 mg/kg) and Bamborait (2.8 mg/kg). Similarly, the highest concentration of As was found in rice sample collected from Gabur (5.2 mg/kg) followed by Ayun (4.3 mg/kg)> Gharm Chashma (3 mg/kg), Mastuj (3 mg/kg)>Broun (2.9 mg/kg)>Bamborait (2.8)>Buny (2.12). The daily intake of As in rice was within permissible limit collected from Gabur (0.0318 - 0.0674) followed by Ayun (0.0236- 0.0535) > Gharm Chashma (0.0183-0.0373), Mastuj (0.0183 -0.0373)>Broun (0.0177 an- 0.0535)>Bamborait (0.0171 -0.0348)>Buny (0.0129 and (0.0263) for adults and children, respectively, set by WHO but the health risk index was higher than 1 for rice in all areas which showed that the people of the study area are at high risk due to consumption of rice contaminated with As and considered as main food item in the study area for both children and adults.
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