Liquefaction potential along the coastal regions of Karachi
Keywords:
Liquefaction potential; Coastal regions ofKarachi; Bore logs;Effective town-planning.Abstract
This paper investigates liquefaction resistance of the coastal belt ofKarachi stretched over 38 kms, the assessment is based on the scattered standard penetration test data of 120 bore logs.The liquefaction potential has been evaluated using simplified procedure developed by Seed and Idriss (1971) and modified by Youd et al. (2001). The results of analysis are transformed into maps, which are expected to serve as general guidelines for effective town-planning, designing efficient mitigation systems, ground-failure vulnerability and for future microzonation studies. This study endeavours to provide the basis on which a comprehensive microzonation map ofKarachi can be developed after some modifications.
References
Apel, E.R., Burgmann, P., Bannerjee, B., Nagarajan., 2006. Geodetically Constrained Indian Plate motion and implications for plate boundary deformation. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union,
, 52, T51B-1524.
Bilham, R., Lodi, S., Hough, S., Bukhary, S., Murtaza, K, A., Rafeeqi, S.F.A., 2007. Seismic Hazard in Karachi: Uncertain Past, Uncertain Future.Seismological Research Letters, 78,6.
ESCAP., 1996. Coastal Environmental
Management Plan for Pakistan, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Thailand, Bangkok. ReportNo.ST/ESCAP/1360.
Liao, S. S.C., Whitman, R. 1986. Overburden correction factors for SPT in sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, American society of Civil Engineers, 112, 3.
Mahmud, S.A., Sheikh, S.A., 2008. Earthquakes Shocks and Liquefaction Threat to DHA and Clifton areas, Karachi, Pakistan. A Case Study, Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation. 2nd International Conference GEDMAR08, Nanjing, China, Proceedings.
Qureshi, LH., Shah, S.A.A., Tariq, M.A., Khan, M.S., Ahsan, S.N., Khanzada, M.L., 2001. Geological map of Karachi area, Sindh, Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, MAP series, 3.
Seed, H.B., 1979. Soil liquefaction and cyclic mobility evaluation for level ground during earthquakes. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Division of American Society of Civil Engineers, 105(2),201-255.
Seed, H.B., Idriss I.M., 1971. Simplified Procedure for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Potentials. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Division of American Society of Civil Engineers, 97(9), 1249-1273.
Seed, H.B., Idriss, LM., 1982. Ground motions and soil liquefaction during earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Monograph, Oakland California.
Seed, H.B., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L.F., Chung, R.M., 1985. The influence of SPT procedures in soil liquefaction resistance evaluation. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers,111(12), 1425-1445.
Seed, R.B., Harder, L.F. Jr., 1990. SPT-based analysis of cyclic pore pressure generation and undrained residual strength. Bolton Seed Memorial Symposium. BiTech Publishers Ltd., Vancouver, Proceedings.
Sultan, W., 2009. Generation of Liquefaction Potential Map along the Coastal Belt of Karachi. ME thesis, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
Youd, T.L., Idriss, l.M., 2001. Liquefaction Resistance of Soils: Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/ NSF Workshops on Eval uation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering, 297-313.