Structural interpretation of seismic Data in the south of Zindapir area, Sulaiman Fold Belt, Pakistan.
Keywords:
Structural interpretation; Drigri; Kotrum; Sakhi Sarwar and Sulaiman fold beltAbstract
Folded and faulted structures commonly form migration, trapping and accumulation of hydrocarbons. Seismic data is a significant source for the understanding of subsurface structural trend and lithology in the subsurface. For this purpose, 2 D seismic lines have been interpreted to get stratigraphical and structural information of subsurface. Sakhi Sarwar, Drigri and Kotrun anticlines, lie in the south of Zindapir anticline, a part of N-S trending Safed Koh, which is a first line of folding on the folded flank of Sulaiman foredeep. Study area lies in south of Safed Koh trend, Central Indus Basin. The general stratigraphic horizons were marked on lines 954-FZP-06 and LMT95-09 with the help of well Sakhi Sarwar-01. Seismic line 976-FZP-06 lies in Fazilpur area that shows Sakhi Sarwar anticline with a flower structure present in the core suggesting wrenching along with compression. Time contouring maps of Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene show that the formations are getting shallow in east. Seismic profiles 914-RPR-03 and 914-RPR-05, lie in NW of Rajanpur area of district D.G. Khan. Reflectors are marked and correlated with the help of wells Drigri-01 and Kotrum-01, located near line 914-RPR-03 and 914-RPR-05 respectively. Depth sections of Drigri and Kotrum anticlines are prepared. These structures lie in the SE of Sakhi Sarwar anticline. Drigri anticline has E-W trend over 17 km approximately and the reverse faults are present on both flanks of a fold. Whereas the cross section of Kotrum anticline shows the amplitude of fold is low suggesting that folding die out at the Southern part. Trend of the fold is NE-SW. Depth sections show that a thickness of sedimentary cover is 8 km approximately. Thickness of Nagri Formation and Chinji Formation (Miocene- Pliocene) is 1700 m approximately. Nari Formation is overlain by Gaj (Vehowa) Formation in the area. Eocene & Paleocene are 1300 m and 800 m thick respectively while the basement is uplifted in the east.
References
Ahmad, A., Ahmad, N., Wali, N., Manshoor, S.A., 2007. Source potential and maturity trends of Lower Permian sediments in the Punjab platform and adjoining areas, Pakistan. Annual Technical Conference, Pakistan, Proceedings, 139-154.
Nazeer, A., Solangi., Sarfraz, H., Brohi, I.A., Usmani, P., Napar, L.D., Jahangir, M., Hameed, S., Ali, S.M., 2013. Hydrocarbon Potential of Zinda Pir Anticline, Eastern Sulaiman Fold Belt, Middle Indus Basin, Pakistan, Pakistan Journal of Hydrocarbon Research, 22, 23, 73-84.
Bannert, D., Cheema, A., Ahmed, A., 1989, Interpretation of LANDSAT-MSS imagery of the Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges in western Pakistan. Hydrocarbon Development Institute Pakistan-BGR, Internal Report, 83, 2068. Bannert, D., Raza H.A., 1992. The segmentation of the Indo-Pakistan Plate. Pakistan Journal of Hydrocarbon Research, 4(2), 5-18.
Bannert, D., Iqbal, Helmcke, D., 1995. Surface and subsurface evidence for the Existence of the Sulaiman Basement Fault of the North Western Indian Plate in Pakistan. Second south Asia Geological congress- Colombo, Srilanka, 21.
Bender, F.K., Raza, H.A., 1995. Geology of Pakistan. Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart, 414.
Hasany, S.T., Aftab, M., Siddiqui, R.A., 2007. Refound Exploration opportunities in Infracambrian and Cambrian sediments of Punjab Platform, Pakistan. Annual Technical Conference, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings, 31-62.
Hemphill., Kidwai, 1973. Stratigraphy of the Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan areas, Pakistan. U.S. Geological survey, 716-B, 36.
Humayun, M., Lillie, R.J., Lawrence, R.D. 1991. Structural interpretation of the eastern Sulaiman Fold Belt and Foredeep, Pakistan. Tectonics, 10, 299-324.
Iqbal, M., Helmcke, D., 2004, Geological interpretation of Earth quakes data of Zinda Pir Anticlinorium, Sulaiman Fold Belt, Pakistan. Pakistan journal of Hydrocarbon Research, 14, 41- 47.
Iqbal M., Khan, M. R., 2012. Impact of Indo Pakistan and Eurasian Plates Collision in the Sulaiman Fold Belt, Pakistan. Search and Discovery Article #50575 (www.searchanddiscovery.com/.../2012/50575iqbal/ndx_iqbal.pdf ).
Jadoon, I.K., Lawrence, R.D., Lillie, R.J., 1994. Seismic data, geometry, evolution and shortening in the active Sulaiman fold and thrust belt of Pakistan. American Association of Petroleum Geological Bulletin, 78, 758-774.
Kadri, I.B., 1995. Petroleum Geology of Pakistan, Pakistan Petroleum Limited, Karachi, Pakistan, 275.
Kemal, A., Balkwill, H.R., Stoakes, F.A., 1991. Indus Basin Hydrocarbons plays, International Petroleum Seminar on new directions and strategies for accelerating Petroleum Exploration and Production in Pakistan, 16-57.
Lillie, R.J., Johnson, G.D., Yousaf, M., Zamin, A.S.H., Yeats, R.S., 1987. Structural development within the Himalayan Foreland Fold-and Thrust Belt of Pakistan. Sedimentary Basins and Basin-Forming Mechanisms. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir, 12, 379-392.
Solangi, S.H., Abbasi, S.A., Ali, A., Asim, S., Lashari, R.A., Brohi, I.A., Siddiqui, I., 2014. Study of Subsurface Structural Trend and Stratigraphic Architecture Using Seismic Data -A Case Study from Zindapir Inner Folded Zone, Sulaiman Sub-Basin, Pakistan. Sindh University Reservoir Journal, 46, 373-380.
Waheed, A. Wells, N. A., 1990, Changes in paleocurrents during the development of an obliquely convergent plate boundary, Sulaiman fold-belt, southwestern Himalayas, west-central Pakistan. Sedimentary Geology, 67, 237-261.
Yeats, R.S., Lawrence, R.D. 1984. Tectonics of the Himalayan thrust belt in northern Pakistan. In: Haq, B.U., Milliman, J.D. (Eds.), Marine Geology and Oceanography of Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 77-198.
