Shallow Marine Sediments of the Patala Formation of Paleocene Age, Kohat Area, Pakistan
Abstract
The Patala Formation in Kohat area consists of four lithofacies which are; PF1 sandstone with shale interbeds, PF2 shale and siltstone with limestone interbeds, PF3 shale with interbeds of siltstone, and PF4 shale and marl interbeds. These facies were deposited in shallow marine environments ranging from upper shoreface to offshore possibly middle to outer shelf environments.
Facies PF1-PF4 in general depict deposition in a continuously deepening or transgressive conditions. The lateral variations in lithology within the Patala Formation are suggested to be mainly related to the local variations in paleographic setting.
References
Banks, N.L., 1973. Innerely Member: Late Precambrian marine shelf deposit, East Finnmark. Norg. Geolog. Unders. 288, 7-25.
Bourgeois, J. & Leithold, E.L., 1984. Wave-worked conglomerates- depositional processes and criteria for recognition. In: Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates (E.H. Koster & R.J. Steel, eds). Can. Soc. Petrol, Geol. Memoir 10, 331-343.
Brenchley, P.J., 1985. Storm influenced sandstone beds. Modern Geology 9, 369-396.
Brenchley, P.J. & Newall, G., 1982. Storm-influenced inner-shelf sand lobes in the Caradoc (Ordovician) of Shropshire, England. J. Sed. Pet. 52, 1257-1269.
Cotter, E., 1983. Shelf, Paralic and fluvial environments and eustatic sea-level fluctuations in the origin of the Tuscarora Formation (Lower Silurian) of central Pennsylvania. J. Sed. Pet. 53, 25-49.
Dott, R.H. Jr. and Bourgeois, J., 1982. Hummocky stratification-significance of its variable bedding sequences. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 93, 663-680.
De Raaf, J.F.M., Boersma, J.R. and van Gelder, A., 1977. Wave- generated structures and sequences from a shallow marine succession, Lower Carboniferous, Country Cork. Sedimentology 24, 451-480.
Folk, R.L., 1974. Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, Texas, 182p.
Hobday, D.K. & Reading, KG., 1972. Fair weather versus storm processes in shallow marine sand bar sequences in the late Precambrian of Finnmark, North Norway. J. Sed. Pet. 42, 318-324.
Johnson, H.D. & Baldwin, C.T., 198G. Shallow siliciclastic seas. In: Sedimentary Environments and Facies (H.G. Reading, ed.) 2nd Ed. Blackwell Publ. Co. Oxford, 229-282.
Kreisa, R.D., 1981. Storm-generated sedimentary structures in subtidal marine facies with examples from the Middle and Upper Ordovician of southwestern Virginia. J. Sed. Pet. 51, 823-848.
Kumar, N. & Sanders, J.E., 1976. Characteristics of shoreface deposits: Modern and ancient examples. J. Sed. Pet. 46, 145-162.
Mack, G.H., 1978. The survivability of labile light-mineral grains in fluvial, aeolian and littoral marine environments: the Permian Cutler and Cedar Mesa Formations, Moab, Utah. Sedimentology 25, 587-604.
McCubbin, D.G., 1982. Barrier-island and strand-plain facies. In: Sandstone Depositional Environments (P.A. Scholle & D.R. Spearing, eds.). AAPG men. 31, 247-280.
Mount, J.F., 1984. Mixing of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments in shallow shelf environment. Geology 12, 432-435.
Rashid, S.M., Awad, M. & Qamar, B., 1988. Paleoenvironments and provenance studies of' the Patala Formation, Kohat range and Samana range, N.W.F.P. Unpub. M.Sc. thesis, University of Peshawar 71p.
Reineck, H.E. & Singh, I.B., 1972. Genesis of laminated sand and graded rythmites in storm-sand layers of shelf mud. Sedimentology 18, 123-129.
Shah, S.M.I. (ed.), 1977. Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geol. Surv. Pak. Mem. 12, 138p.
Simonson, B.M., 1984. High energy shelf deposit: early proterozoic Wishart Formation, northeastern Canada. In: Siliciclastic Shelf Sediments (R.W. Tillman & C.T. Seimers, eds.). SEPM Spec. Pub. 34, 251-268.
Stanley, D.J., Addy, S.K. and Behrens, E.W., 1983. The mudline; variability of its position relative to shelf break. In: The Shelfbreak; Critical Interface on Continental Margins (D.J. Stanley & G.T. Moore, eds.). SEPM Spec. Pub. 33, 279-298.
Swift, D.J.P., Han, G. & Vincent, C.E., 1986. Fluid process and sea-floor response on a modern storm-dominated shelf: middle Atlantic shelf of North America. Part 1: The storm current regime. In: Shelf Sands and Sandstones (R.J. Knight & R.J. McLean, eds.). Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 11, 99-1 10.
Tanoli, S.K. and Pickerill, R.K., 1989. Cambrian shelf deposits of the King Square Formation, Saint John Group, southern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 25, 129-141.