Stratigraphic Control for The Age of Peshawar-Plain Magmatism, Northern Pakistan
Abstract
Recent mapping and stratigraphic analyses in the area at the north-eastern edge of the Peshawar plain has resulted in the recognition of a bimodal suite of basic and acidic volcanics. These volcanics occupy specific stratigraphic horizons in the Jafar Kandao Formation, whose age is well constrained between Carboniferrous and Early Permian, on the basis of conodont studies. It is suggested that the basic volcanics are extrusive equivalents of the extensive suite of basic dykes and sills found in the internal zone of the Indian plate, while the acid volcanics are counterpart of the A-type granites of Warsak, Ambela, and Shewa-Shahbazgarhi. This study provides a stratigraphic control for the age of the Peshawar-plain magmatism.
References
Ahmed, I., Hamidullah, S. and Jehan, N., 1990. Petrology of the Shewa-Shabazgarhi igneous complex, district Mardan, N. Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Uni. Peshawar 23, 135-159.
Baig, M.S., 1990. Structure and geochronology of pre-Himalayan orogenic events in the northwest Himalayas, Pakistan, with special reference to the Besham area. Ph.D. thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oregon.
Bhat, M.I., Zainuddin, S.M., and Rais, A., 1981. Panjal trap: chemistry and the birth of Tethys. Geol. Mag. 118, 367-375.
Coward, M.P., Butler, R.W.H., Cambers, A. F., Graham, R.H., Izatt, C.N., Khan, M.A., Knipe, R.J., Prior, D.J., Treloar, P.J., and Williams, M.P., 1988. Folding and imbrication of the Indian crust during Himalayan collision. Phill. Transac. Royal Soc. London. Ser. A. 326, 89-116.
Jan, M.Q., and Karim, A., 1990. Continental magmatism related to Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic rifting in northern Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 23, 1-25.
Jan, M.Q., Asif, M., Tahirkheli, T. & Kamal, M., 1981. Tectonic subdivision of granitic rocks of north Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 14, 159-182.
Kempe, D.R.C., 1973. The petrology of the Warsak alkaline granites, Pakistan, and their relationship to other alkaline rocks of the region. Geol. Mag. 110, 385-404.
Kempe, D.R.C., 1978. Accicular hornblende schists and associated metabasic rocks from North-West Pakistan. Mineral. Mag. 42, 405-406.
Kempe, D.R.C., 1983. Alkaline granites, syenites, and associated rocks of the Peshawar Plain Alkaline Igneous Province, NW Pakistan. In Granites of Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindukush (F.A. Shams ed.). Inst. Geol. Punjab Univ. Lahore, Pakistan. 143-169.
Kempe, D.R.C., 1986. A note on the ages of the alkaline rock of the Peshawar plain alkaline igneous province, W Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 19, 113- 119.
Kempe, D.R.C. & Jan, M.Q., 1970. An Alkaline Igneous province in the North-West Frontier Province, West Pakistan. Geol. Mag. 107, 395-398.
Kempe, D.R.C. & Jan, M.Q., 1980. The Peshawar Plain Alkaline Igneous Province, NW Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 13, 71-77.
Le Bas, M.J., Mian, I. & Rex, D.C., 1987. Age and nature of carbonatite emplacement in North Pakistan. Geol. Runnd. 76/2, 317-323.
Le Fort, P., Debon, F. & Sonet, Y., 1980. The "Lesser Himalayan" cordierite granite belt typology and age of the pluton of Mansehra (Pakistan). Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 13, 51-61.
Maluski, H. & Matte, P., 1984. Ages of alpine tectono-metamorphic events in northwestern Himalaya (North Pakistan) by 39Ar/40Ar method Tectonics 3, 1-18.
Martin, N.R, Siddiqui, S.F.A. & King, B.H., 1962. A geological reconnaissance of the region between the lower swat and Indus rivers of Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Punjab Univ. 2, 1-13.
Papritz, K. & Rey, R., 1989. Evidence for the occurrence of Permian Panjal Trap Basalts in the Lesser- and Higher-Himalayas of the western syntaxis area, NE Pakistan. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 82/2, 603-627.
Pogue, K.R., DiPietro, J.A., Hughes, S., Lawrence, R.D., and Khan, S.R. (in press). Late Paleozoic rifting in Northern Pakistan. Tectonophysics.
Pogue, K.R., and Hussain, A., 1986. New light on the stratigraphy of Nowshera area and the discovery of Early to Middle Ordovician trace fossils in NWFP., Pakistan. Geol. Surv. Pakistan Inf. Rel. 135.
Rafiq, M., 1987. Petrology and geochemistry of the Ambela granitic complex, N.W.F.P. Pakistan. Unpub. Ph.D. thesis Univ. Peshawar.
Rafiq, M. & Jan, M.Q., 1989. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Ambela granitic complex, NW Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 22, 159-179.
Shams, F.A., 1983. Granites of N.W. Himalayas in Pakistan. In Granites of Himalayas, Karakoram and Hindukush (F.A. Shams ed.) Inst. Geol. Punjab Univ., 75-120.
Siddiqui, S.F.A., Chaudhry, M.N. & Shakoor, A., 1968. Geology and petrology of the feldspathoidal syenites and the associated rocks of the Koga area, Chamla valley, Swat, West Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Punjab Univ. 7, 1-29.
Tahirkheli, T., 1990. Geochemistry of the Warsak igneous compex, north Pakistan. M.Phill. Thesis, Univ. Peshawar.
Tahirkheli, T., Khan, M.A., and Mian, I., 1990. A-type granites from Warsak, Khyber Agency, N. Pakistan. Geol. bull. Univ. Peshawar 23, 187-202.
Treloar, P.J., Coward, M.P., Williams, M.P., and Khan, M.A., 1989. Basement-cover imbrication south of the Main Mantle thrust, north Pakistan. Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 232, 137-152.
Whalen, J.B., Currie, K.L. & Chappell B.W., 1987. A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95, 407-419.
Zeitler, P.K., 1988. Ion microprobe dating of zircon from the Malakand granite, NW Himalaya, Pakistan: A constraint on the timing of Tertiary metamorphism in the region. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abst. Prog. 20, 323.