محمد خالد اختر کی ناول نگاری،ماحولیاتی تناظر میں

Abstract

Muhammad Khalid Akhtar (1920-2002) is known as the finest Urdu fiction
writer in terms of his sensitivity towards ecology and survival of human
civilization. His novels deal with dire issues ranging from environmental
destruction caused by wars to inadequate waste management and water
pollution. Behaviors and nature of humans is the product of their relationships
with the environment. Akhtar’s novel "Chakkiwara Mein Wasal" highlights
the major problems of environmental pollution in Pakistan's largest city,
Karachi. Similarly, in the novel "Bees so Gayarah", a disastrous picture of the
future of the world is presented. In this novel, the war and its consequent
terrible destruction and then the fear of the extinction of human civilization are
made the subject matter. It is a fact that the development and use of nuclear
weapons have left an indelible mark on human history, bringing about
catastrophic consequences for both human life and the natural environment.
From the bombings during world war-II to the global arms race of the cold
war, nuclear weapons have demonstrated their unpatrolled capacity for mass
destruction. This article examines the immediate death toll, long term health
effects, and psychological trauma associated with the threat posed by the
proliferation of nuclear weapons and its potential for future conflicts through
Ecological Study of MK Aktar’s Novels.