غلام عباس کے افسانہ ’کتبہ‘ اور نجیب محفوظ کے افسانہ ’قیدی کی وردی‘ کا تقابلی مطالعہ"

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of two significant short stories, “Katba” by Ghulam Abbas and “The Prisoner’s Uniform” by Naguib Mahfouz. Both writers are prominent figures in Urdu and Arabic literature, respectively, and are known for their realistic and symbolic portrayal of society.

The analysis explores how both stories depict the struggles of ordinary individuals trapped in socio-economic conditions and unfulfilled desires. In “Katba,” the protagonist spends his entire life pursuing a modest dream of social recognition, which ultimately remains unrealized. Similarly, in “The Prisoner’s Uniform,” a poor cigarette seller becomes a victim of his small desires, leading to a tragic and unexpected end.

The study highlights the use of symbolism in both stories, where the “katba” (inscription stone) represents unfulfilled ambitions and identity, while the “uniform” symbolizes mistaken identity and social misjudgment. Furthermore, the narrative techniques of both authors are examined, revealing differences in style Ghulam Abbas employs a simple, gradual, and ironic narrative, whereas Naguib Mahfouz presents a more intense and psychologically driven approach.

Overall, comparative analysis demonstrates that both stories reflect deep social realities and human vulnerabilities, encouraging readers to reflect on issues of identity, class, and the consequences of unfulfilled aspirations.