تواریخ ادب میں اردو کی ابتدا کے مباحث : تجزیہ اور تقابل

Abstract

Abstract:

Although the first constant history of Urdu literature Tareekh-e-adab-e-Urdu(1927) was written by Ram Babu Sexena in English and translated by Mirza Muhammad Askari just after two years but this development was actually initiated by Muhammad Hussain Azad. His book Aab-e-Hayat(1880) mostly known as 'tazkara' was first significant attempt to write literary history of Urdu. In this book, Azad tried to trace the history of Urdu language too. Following that, almost every historian of Urdu literature has written the first chapter of their book on this subject. In fact history of language is a different subject and it is related to the linguists. That is why besides some literary historians who actually are linguists like Masood Hussain Khan in Aligarh Tareekh-e-Adab-e-Urdu(1962) and Gyan Chand Jain in Tareekh-e-adab-e-Urdu: 1700 tak (1998); no one has bothered to keep in view the principles of modern linguistics while writing the history of language. The majority of literary historians derive history of Urdu language from political history of India. Secondly, despite being historian they seem partial for their regional, racial and religious identity. This premise is under consideration in this research paper. The writings of fourteen renowned literary historians on the important subject of beginning of Urdu language have been analyzed and compared.