حبیب جالب کی مزاحمتی شاعری پر ہجرت کے اثرات

Abstract

Abstract:

In this research, we have seen the impact of migration on the resistive poetry of Jalib. If we observe the word “migration” it means that “shifting of people from one place to another”. But in broader perspective, it means that the transmission or shifting of ideas, beliefs, cultures, language and literature from one place to another.  Migration not only impacts geography or human body but also affect human thinking and ideas.  Where, historians save different phases of migration in their books, similarly, poets and writers save ideas and thinking in shape of poetry and prose. In Urdu literature, literary critics have mentioned four types of migration. The first one occurred due to Aurangzeb and Alamgeer concurring or getting hold on “Dakan”  to which poets and writers migrated to Delhi. Second migration occurred due to Ahmed Shah Abdali’s madness towards war and Nadir Shah’s attacks on Dehli, which, further enforced the poets and writers to leave Delhi and migrate to Lucknow. 1857’s war of independence became the third cause due to which there was anarchy and instability.  The poets and writers don’t want to be influenced by the Britishers. They migrated to Lahore, and Lahore became the hub of Urdu literature.  When Indo-Pak divided into two parts, poets and writers migrated from India to Pakistan and from Pakistan to India which became the fourth cause of migration.  The most prominent poets who came to Pakistan were Habib Jalib, Nasir Kazmi, Ibna Insha, and Munir Niazi.

Jalib migrated from distract Hushyarpur ( Indian Punjab) to Pakistan. Due to migration, suffering and pain is dominant in Jalib’s poetry. The nostalgic condition which he mostly thought about his village, his friends, and relatives that he lost, the condition of homelessness, affects Jalib’s thinking. Jalib’s utopia about Pakistan as a Paradise got shattered when he found Pakistan as an exploitative state. After getting independence from colonizers Pakistan got stuck in clutches of feudal lords, aristocrats, capitalists, and corrupt rulers. As a true Pakistani patriot, Jalib resisted against oppressive forces through his writings and poetry.